COMPARATIVE IDEOLOGIES

DEMOCRACY
•Citizen involvement in decision making
•System of representation
•Rule of Law
•Electoral System--majority rule and plurality rule
•Some degree of equality
•Some degree of liberty or freedom granted to or retained by citizens
•Education
•Concept of citizen vs. subject.
Citizen involvement
•Direct democracy vs. representational

Conservatism
•Resistance to change
•Reverence for tradition and a distrust of human reason
•Rejection of the use of government to improve the human condition
•Preference for individual freedom to the point that tradition is threatened.
•Anti-egalitarianism
Liberalism
•Favor change
•Trust human reason
•Willingness to use government to improve the lives of citizens
•Preference for individual freedom, uncertain of economic freedom,
•Ambivalence toward human nature, but not negative
Demo. Capitalism
•Private ownership of property
•No legal limit on accumulation of wealth
•Profit motive
•Profit a measure of efficiency
Demo. Socialism
•Public owned property--industries, utilities, public good/trust
•Limit to accumulation of private property
•Government regulation of the market
•Publicaly financed assistance and pension programs--safety net
•Social costs and services used to measure efficiency

NATIONALISM
•National consciousness--group belonging
•National identity--with group
•Geographical identification
•Patriotism--love of symbols
•Demands for action to enhance the group. FASCISM
•Irrationalism
•Social Darwinism
•Nationalism
•Glorification of the State
•Leadership principle
•Racist component--Nazism
•Anti-communism MARXISM:
•Dictatorship of the Proletariat
1. Distribution of income according to
labor performed,
2. Gradual disappearance of classes,
3. The state in the hands of the proletariat,
4. Increasing productivity,
5. Increasing socialist consciousness --people work with few incentives,
6. Increasing equality,
7. A command economy, and
8. The economy managed by the state.
•Full Communism
1. Distribution of income according to need, no longer according to labor performed.
2. No classes.
3. The state withers away.
4. Very high productivity, so that there is plenty for all.
5. High socialist consciousness--people work without incentives.
6. More equality but not absolute equality.
7. No money.
8. A command economy.
9. The economy managed by a free and equal association of producers.
10. The differences between occupations disappear, so that there is no social distinction between town and country.
11. Each person does about as much physical as intellectual labor.

Source: Lyman Sargent, Contemporary Political Ideologies

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DEMOCRACY •Citizen involvement in decision making •System of representation •Rule of Law •Electoral System--majority rule and plurality rule •Some degree of equality •Some degree of liberty or freedom granted to or retained by citizens •Education •Concept of citizen vs. subject. Citizen involvement •Direct democracy vs. representational	Conservatism •Resistance to change •Reverence for tradition and a distrust of human reason •Rejection of the use of government to improve the human condition •Preference for individual freedom to the point that tradition is threatened. •Anti-egalitarianism Liberalism •Favor change •Trust human reason •Willingness to use government to improve the lives of citizens •Preference for individual freedom, uncertain of economic freedom, •Ambivalence toward human nature, but not negative	Demo. Capitalism •Private ownership of property •No legal limit on accumulation of wealth •Profit motive •Profit a measure of efficiency Demo. Socialism •Public owned property--industries, utilities, public good/trust •Limit to accumulation of private property •Government regulation of the market •Publicaly financed assistance and pension programs--safety net •Social costs and services used to measure efficiency
NATIONALISM •National consciousness--group belonging •National identity--with group •Geographical identification •Patriotism--love of symbols •Demands for action to enhance the group.	FASCISM •Irrationalism •Social Darwinism •Nationalism •Glorification of the State •Leadership principle •Racist component--Nazism •Anti-communism	MARXISM: •Dictatorship of the Proletariat 1. Distribution of income according to labor performed, 2. Gradual disappearance of classes, 3. The state in the hands of the proletariat, 4. Increasing productivity, 5. Increasing socialist consciousness --people work with few incentives, 6. Increasing equality, 7. A command economy, and 8. The economy managed by the state. •Full Communism 1. Distribution of income according to need, no longer according to labor performed. 2. No classes. 3. The state withers away. 4. Very high productivity, so that there is plenty for all. 5. High socialist consciousness--people work without incentives. 6. More equality but not absolute equality. 7. No money. 8. A command economy. 9. The economy managed by a free and equal association of producers. 10. The differences between occupations disappear, so that there is no social distinction between town and country. 11. Each person does about as much physical as intellectual labor.