| Social |
Communal; high integration;religiosecular
elite; extended family; large rural population; ethnic-geographic
cleavages; parochial loyalties
|
Mainly rural; extended and nuclear
families;emerging urban migration; differentiation of religious and
secular elites; regional ethnic, class cleavages |
Nuclear family; high mobility; atomistic;
secular belief systems (rationality); high levels of education; multiple
identifications |
Lower nuclear family cohesion; high specialization;
high mobility; widespread higher education; high suburban, low rural
population; large professional and technocratic groups |
| Economic |
Subsistence agriculture; village markets;
high proportion of GNP in agriculture; high proportion of labor force in
agriculture |
Subsistence and commercial agriculture;
monetarized economy; highly labor-intensive industry; integration into
national markets; more blue-collar labor |
Highly industrial; substantial service
sector; capital-intensive industry; high use of credit; little or no
subsistence agriculture |
Service sector exceeds industrial sector;
increasing emphasis on science and advanced technology in both sectors |
| Political |
Leadership by traditional elites'
patron-client networks; low participation' traditionally legitimacy;
inherited status; politics follows regional, class, ethnic cleavages |
Authoritarian (single-party or military) government;
patron-client networks; some ideologically mobilized parties; low
participation (except in mobilized systems); traditional and modern
cleavages; legitimacy often charismatic |
Pluralistic single or competitive parties;
class cleavages more important; high mobilization participation;
rational-legal authority |
Pluralist single or competitive parties; high
political awareness and participation; increased concern of post-material
values and conflicts; decentralization of authority to specialized
agencies |